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Category: Ecology

How animals heal themselves

How animals heal themselves

Emory University: In 2010, Emory biologist Jaap de Roode published the discovery that monarch butterflies use medicine to cure their offspring of disease. His lab revealed how, if infected with a parasite, the female butterflies prefer to lay their eggs on a species of milkweed containing higher levels of a toxic chemical. The caterpillars eat the milkweed, ingest the toxin, and reduce the parasite load in their bodies. With that finding, de Roode joined the vanguard of scientists uncovering how…

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Hurricane Helene and subsequent cleanup efforts have decimated North America’s most biodiverse waters

Hurricane Helene and subsequent cleanup efforts have decimated North America’s most biodiverse waters

Inside Climate Change reports: In Knoxville, Tennessee, there’s a minuscule warehouse tucked off the side of the road. Its tiny gravel parking lot is full. In the back of the cramped, wood-paneled building are dozens of aquarium tanks filled with endangered, threatened, imperiled, and at-risk fish species. This is Conservation Fisheries Incorporated (CFI), a nonprofit dedicated to preserving Appalachian freshwater diversity. It began as a graduate school project in the 1980s and has grown into a conservation powerhouse. One of…

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Nanoplastic pollution of oceans found on a vast scale

Nanoplastic pollution of oceans found on a vast scale

The New York Times reports: What do human brains, placentas and dolphin breath have in common? Signs of plastic pollution in the form of tiny particles known as microplastics. The ocean is also polluted with plastic, and the issue may be even more extensive than previously thought. A study published Wednesday in the journal Nature estimates the volume of nanoplastics, which are even smaller than microplastics and invisible to the naked eye, to be at least 27 million metric tons…

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Scientists discover what’s driving record die-offs of America’s honeybees

Scientists discover what’s driving record die-offs of America’s honeybees

The Guardian reports: Bret Adee is one of the largest beekeepers in the US, with 2 billion bees across 55,000 hives. The business has been in his family since the 1930s, and sends truckloads of bees across the country from South Dakota, pollinating crops such as almonds, onions, watermelons and cucumbers. Last December, his bees were wintering in California when the weather turned cold. Bees grouped on top of hives trying to keep warm. “Every time I went out to…

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New research on fungi suggests they could be demonstrating some form of intelligence

New research on fungi suggests they could be demonstrating some form of intelligence

Hayley Bennett writes: To most of us, mushrooms are just weird-looking woodland growths, and a fungus is something you probably need a cream for. Increasingly, though, scientists are describing fungi as more sophisticated than we previously thought. Some even say ‘intelligent’, with a few researchers going so far as to hint they might be conscious. While such theories are controversial among experts, the rest of us would like to know if, for instance, our breakfast ingredients are thinking about us….

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Study shows that apes are more optimistic after hearing laughter

Study shows that apes are more optimistic after hearing laughter

Indiana University: While laughter is often considered uniquely human, tied to language and sense of humor, all great apes produce remarkably similar vocalizations during play that share evolutionary origins with human laughter. In a new study, an international team led by two Indiana University researchers has discovered that bonobos, our closest living relatives along with chimpanzees, tend to be more optimistic after hearing the laughter of their fellow apes—and these findings have implications for understanding the evolution of positive emotions…

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Ecologists’ horror as nature reserves are emptied of insects

Ecologists’ horror as nature reserves are emptied of insects

The Guardian reports: Reports of falling insect numbers around the world are not new. International reviews have estimated annual losses globally of between 1% and 2.5% of total biomass every year. Widespread use of pesticides and fertilisers, light and chemical pollution, loss of habitat and the growth of industrial agriculture have all carved into their numbers. Often, these were deaths of proximity: insects are sensitive creatures, and any nearby source of pollution can send their populations crumbling. But what [Daniel]…

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Humans are killing helpful insects in hundreds of ways − simple steps can reduce the harm

Humans are killing helpful insects in hundreds of ways − simple steps can reduce the harm

Dragonflies, just like bees and butterflies, face threats that humans can help prevent. Christopher Halsch By Christopher Halsch, Binghamton University, State University of New York and Eliza Grames, Binghamton University, State University of New York Insects are all around us – an ant on the sidewalk, a bee buzzing by, a butterfly floating on the breeze – and they shape the world we experience. They pollinate flowering plants, decompose waste, control pests, and are critical links in food chains. Despite…

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David Attenborough: ‘If we save the ocean, we save ourselves’

David Attenborough: ‘If we save the ocean, we save ourselves’

  Oceanographic reports: “After almost 100 years on the planet, I now understand the most important place on Earth is not on land, but at sea,” says Sir David Attenborough, a man who – having spent his working life documenting the world of natural history – is about to launch what he has called “one of the most important films of his career” on the eve of entering his one hundredth year. Perhaps for the first time in those 100…

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Bees, fish and plants show how climate change’s accelerating pace is disrupting nature in two key ways

Bees, fish and plants show how climate change’s accelerating pace is disrupting nature in two key ways

A bee enjoys lunch on a flower in Hillsboro, Ore. HIllsboro Parks & Rec, CC BY-NC-ND By Courtney McGinnis, Quinnipiac University The problem with climate change isn’t just the temperature – it’s also how fast the climate is changing today. Historically, Earth’s climate changes have generally happened over thousands to millions of years. Today, global temperatures are increasing by about 0.36 degrees Fahrenheit (0.2 degrees Celsius) per decade. Imagine a car speeding up. Over time, human activities such as burning…

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Trump orders swathes of national forests to be cut down for timber

Trump orders swathes of national forests to be cut down for timber

The Guardian reports: Donald Trump has ordered that swathes of America’s forests be felled for timber, evading rules to protect endangered species while doing so and raising the prospect of chainsaws razing some of the most ecologically important trees in the US. The president, in an executive order, has demanded an expansion in tree cutting across 280m acres (113m hectares) of national forests and other public lands, claiming that “heavy-handed federal policies” have made America reliant on foreign imports of…

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Songbirds being killed by topical pesticides used for pet fleas and ticks

Songbirds being killed by topical pesticides used for pet fleas and ticks

The Guardian reports: Songbird chicks are being killed by high levels of pesticides in the pet fur used by their parents to line their nests, a study has found. Researchers surveying nests for the harmful chemical found in pet flea treatments found that it was present in every single nest. The scientists from the University of Sussex are now calling for the government to urgently reassess the environmental risk of pesticides used in flea and tick treatments and consider restricting…

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The key to a healthy gut microbiome is a healthy diet

The key to a healthy gut microbiome is a healthy diet

Università di Trento: A varied diet rich in vegetables is known to be healthy for one’s well-being. Excessive consumption of meat, especially red meat, can lead to chronic and cardiovascular diseases. That is also because what we eat shapes the gut microbiome. At the same time, excluding certain foods, such as dairy or animal products, is not necessarily a general solution to achieve microbial balance. But can we find out which food products determine differences in the gut microbiome? Starting…

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The ocean is teeming with networks of interconnected bacteria

The ocean is teeming with networks of interconnected bacteria

Veronique Greenwood writes: Prochlorococcus bacteria are so small that you’d have to line up around a thousand of them to match the thickness of a human thumbnail. The ocean seethes with them: The microbes are likely the most abundant photosynthetic organism on the planet, and they create a significant portion — 10% to 20% — of the atmosphere’s oxygen. That means that life on Earth depends on the roughly 3 octillion (or 3 × 1027) tiny individual cells toiling away….

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Fish have a brain microbiome. Could humans have one too?

Fish have a brain microbiome. Could humans have one too?

Yasemin Saplakoglu writes: Bacteria are in, around and all over us. They thrive in almost every corner of the planet, from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to high up in the clouds, to the crevices of your ears, mouth, nose and gut. But scientists have long assumed that bacteria can’t survive in the human brain. The powerful blood-brain barrier, the thinking goes, keeps the organ mostly free from outside invaders. But are we sure that a healthy human brain doesn’t have a…

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As climate change melts permafrost, microbes that we have never been exposed to will emerge

As climate change melts permafrost, microbes that we have never been exposed to will emerge

Valerie Brown writes: The popular image of the Arctic is as a “frozen North,” which it was for all of human history until a couple of centuries ago. In that view, intrepid explorers and scientists clatter over tundra and ice roads in dogsleds and decrepit trucks, risking everything to bring back important samples and wild tales of howling winds. But this vision is growing passé. The Arctic is warming four times as fast as the global average. While there are…

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