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Category: Science/mathematics

Why do some people weather a coronavirus infection unscathed?

Why do some people weather a coronavirus infection unscathed?

By Emily Laber-Warren One of the reasons Covid-19 has spread so swiftly around the globe is that for the first days after infection, people feel healthy. Instead of staying home in bed, they may be out and about, unknowingly passing the virus along. But in addition to these pre-symptomatic patients, the relentless silent spread of this pandemic is also facilitated by a more mysterious group of people: the so-called asymptomatics. According to various estimates, between 20 and 45 percent of the…

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Mysterious circles in the desert explained by the Turing pattern

Mysterious circles in the desert explained by the Turing pattern

Science Alert reports: It was 1952, and Alan Turing was about to reshape humanity’s understanding of biology. In a landmark paper, the English mathematician introduced what became known as the Turing pattern – the notion that the dynamics of certain uniform systems could give rise to stable patterns when disturbed. Such ‘order from disturbance’ has become the theoretical basis for all sorts of strange, repeated motifs seen in the natural world. It was a good theory. So good, in fact,…

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Fewer than 1 in 10 Americans show signs of past coronavirus infection, large national study finds

Fewer than 1 in 10 Americans show signs of past coronavirus infection, large national study finds

The Washington Post reports: Fewer than 1 in 10 Americans showed signs of past infection with the novel coronavirus as of late July, suggesting that most of the country may still be vulnerable to infection, according to one of the largest studies of its kind published Friday in the journal the Lancet. That proportion is an estimate based on the percentage of dialysis patients whose immune systems produced coronavirus antibodies. It does not indicate exactly how many Americans may be…

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‘Close to 100% accuracy’: Helsinki airport uses sniffer dogs to detect Covid-19

‘Close to 100% accuracy’: Helsinki airport uses sniffer dogs to detect Covid-19

The Guardian reports: Four Covid-19 sniffer dogs have begun work at Helsinki airport in a state-funded pilot scheme that Finnish researchers hope will provide a cheap, fast and effective alternative method of testing people for the virus. A dog is capable of detecting the presence of the coronavirus within 10 seconds and the entire process takes less than a minute to complete, according to Anna Hielm-Björkman of the University of Helsinki, who is overseeing the trial. “It’s very promising,” said…

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Charting the coronavirus pandemic over the next 12 months — and beyond

Charting the coronavirus pandemic over the next 12 months — and beyond

Andrew Joseph writes: Think back through the pandemic. Think about the moments that stand out as beacons in the haze — signposts of how it would change all of our lives. Not all of these moments were clear at the time. China’s decision to shut down cities of millions of people in January was staggering, but to most Americans, this new coronavirus remained an ocean away, not something that would demand our own version of a lockdown. Other moments form…

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Physics and information theory give a glimpse of life’s origins

Physics and information theory give a glimpse of life’s origins

Natalie Elliot writes: How did life originate? Scientists have been studying the question for decades, and they’ve developed ingenious methods to try to find out. They’ve even enlisted biology’s most powerful theory, Darwinian evolution, in the search. But they still don’t have a complete answer. What they have hit is the world’s most theoretically fertile dead end. When scientists look for life’s origins, they usually work in one of two directions. They work backwards in time through the record of…

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Will a Covid-19 vaccine be rushed through FDA approval this fall?

Will a Covid-19 vaccine be rushed through FDA approval this fall?

STAT reports: There is growing concern that the Food and Drug Administration, under political pressure, could approve a Covid-19 vaccine before it has robust safety and efficacy data. The consequences of such a decision could be significant, particularly if the vaccine is ultimately shown to be less effective than early data suggest. But an approval before the completion of large, Phase 3 trials does not have to be problematic. Experts aren’t ruling out the possibility that a vaccine could be…

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The usual diagnostic tests may simply be too sensitive and too slow to contain the spread of the coronavirus

The usual diagnostic tests may simply be too sensitive and too slow to contain the spread of the coronavirus

The New York Times reports: Some of the nation’s leading public health experts are raising a new concern in the endless debate over coronavirus testing in the United States: The standard tests are diagnosing huge numbers of people who may be carrying relatively insignificant amounts of the virus. Most of these people are not likely to be contagious, and identifying them may contribute to bottlenecks that prevent those who are contagious from being found in time. But researchers say the…

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Reports of several cases of Covid-19 reinfection — but the implications are complicated

Reports of several cases of Covid-19 reinfection — but the implications are complicated

STAT reports: Following the news this week of what appears to have been the first confirmed case of a Covid-19 reinfection, other researchers have been coming forward with their own reports. One in Belgium, another in the Netherlands. And now, one in Nevada. What caught experts’ attention about the case of the 25-year-old Reno man was not that he appears to have contracted SARS-CoV-2 (the name of the virus that causes Covid-19) a second time. Rather, it’s that his second…

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University of Arizona says it caught a dorm’s covid-19 outbreak before it started by screening sewage

University of Arizona says it caught a dorm’s covid-19 outbreak before it started by screening sewage

The Washington Post reports: As 5,000 students prepared for move-in day at the University of Arizona this week, the school warned they would be tested periodically for the coronavirus. One test, though, doesn’t involve a nose swab. The university is regularly screening the sewage from each dorm, searching for traces of the virus. On Thursday, officials said the technique worked — and possibly prevented a sizable outbreak on campus. When a wastewater sample from one dorm came back positive this…

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Cloth masks do protect the wearer – breathing in less coronavirus means you get less sick

Cloth masks do protect the wearer – breathing in less coronavirus means you get less sick

When people wear masks, they can still get infected, but they’re more likely to have milder symptoms. Wenmei Zhou/Digital Vision Vectors via Getty Images By Monica Gandhi, University of California, San Francisco Masks slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing how much infected people spray the virus into the environment around them when they cough or talk. Evidence from laboratory experiments, hospitals and whole countries show that masks work, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends face coverings…

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CDC makes ‘potentially dangerous’ guidelines change for people exposed to coronavirus

CDC makes ‘potentially dangerous’ guidelines change for people exposed to coronavirus

The New York Times reports: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention quietly modified its coronavirus testing guidelines this week to exclude people who do not have symptoms of Covid-19 — even if they have been recently exposed to the virus. Experts questioned the revision, pointing to the importance of identifying infections in the small window immediately before the onset of symptoms, when many individuals appear to be most contagious. Models suggest that about half of transmission events can be…

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FDA ‘grossly misrepresented’ blood plasma data for Covid patients, scientists say

FDA ‘grossly misrepresented’ blood plasma data for Covid patients, scientists say

The New York Times reports: At a news conference on Sunday announcing the emergency approval of blood plasma for hospitalized Covid-19 patients, President Trump and two of his top health officials cited the same statistic: that the treatment had reduced deaths by 35 percent. Mr. Trump called it a “tremendous” number. His health and human services secretary, Alex M. Azar II, a former pharmaceutical executive, said, “I don’t want you to gloss over this number.” And Dr. Stephen M. Hahn,…

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Trump’s plasma push stands to delay clearer reading on science

Trump’s plasma push stands to delay clearer reading on science

Bloomberg reports: The Trump administration’s decision to authorize the use of a blood-plasma treatment for Covid-19 with no clear evidence it works could frustrate efforts to better understand the therapy’s benefits. Several clinical trials are examining the use of so-called convalescent plasma for Covid-19, but none have been completed and results aren’t expected for at least several more weeks. Some of the studies are struggling to attract participants because of programs that give patients a more certain path to the…

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1.5 million antibody tests show which parts of New York City were hit hardest

1.5 million antibody tests show which parts of New York City were hit hardest

The New York Times reports: New York City on Tuesday released more than 1.46 million coronavirus antibody test results, the largest number to date, providing more evidence of how the virus penetrated deeply into some lower-income communities while passing more lightly across affluent parts of the city. In one ZIP code in Queens, more than 50 percent of people who had gotten tested were found to have antibodies, a strikingly high rate. But no ZIP code south of 96th Street…

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Immunity studies provide ‘a bit of blue sky’ about protection from Covid-19, experts say

Immunity studies provide ‘a bit of blue sky’ about protection from Covid-19, experts say

CNN reports: A recent batch of studies, many early stage and not yet peer reviewed, show that humans have a “robust” immune response to Covid-19 that may protect them from further infection, even if they had mild symptoms. How long that protection lasts is still unclear, but the studies indicate it could last for months. One leading immunologist says the findings provide optimism that people will not have to endure repeated coronavirus infections. It also provides evidence a vaccine might…

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