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Category: Physics

How astronomers are unveiling the ‘skeleton’ of the universe

How astronomers are unveiling the ‘skeleton’ of the universe

Paul Sutter writes: The universe is a vast, unseen loom, weaving galaxies into an intricate cosmic web through invisible threads of matter. This cosmic web is the fundamental scaffolding of everything we see, dictating where galaxies form and how they evolve. Much of this architecture remains a mystery, its delicate pathways hidden, and uncovering these cosmic threads requires new eyes and persistent effort. But a new observation has helped us trace one in the Ursa Major Supergroup. In a preprint…

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Are the mysteries of quantum mechanics beginning to dissolve?

Are the mysteries of quantum mechanics beginning to dissolve?

Philip Ball writes: None of the leading interpretations of quantum theory are very convincing. They ask us to believe, for example, that the world we experience is fundamentally divided from the subatomic realm it’s built from. Or that there is a wild proliferation of parallel universes, or that a mysterious process causes quantumness to spontaneously collapse. This unsatisfying state was a key element of Beyond Weird, my 2018 book on the meaning of quantum mechanics. It’s no wonder experts are…

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Is time a fundamental part of reality? A quiet revolution in physics suggests not

Is time a fundamental part of reality? A quiet revolution in physics suggests not

Pack-Shot/Shutterstock By Florian Neukart, Leiden University Time feels like the most basic feature of reality. Seconds tick, days pass and everything from planetary motion to human memory seems to unfold along a single, irreversible direction. We are born and we die, in exactly that order. We plan our lives around time, measure it obsessively and experience it as an unbroken flow from past to future. It feels so obvious that time moves forward that questioning it can seem almost pointless….

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The truth that physics can no longer ignore

The truth that physics can no longer ignore

Adam Frank writes: On October 8, 2024, the field of physics was plunged into controversy. That day, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for discoveries not involving black holes, cosmology, or strange new subatomic particles, but about AI. How could the discipline’s highest award go to research about machines designed to mimic human brains? Where was the physics in that? For most of the 20th century, physicists largely ignored living systems. They understood living things as machines, albeit ones…

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China’s JUNO observatory shows promise in solving neutrino mysteries

China’s JUNO observatory shows promise in solving neutrino mysteries

Scientific American reports: Trillions of neutrinos whiz through our bodies every day, pulsing from the sun, outer space and deep beneath Earth. Yet these elusive subatomic particles have proven difficult to study. That could soon change, however. Buried 700 meters beneath the rolling hills of southern China, an enormous neutrino observatory called JUNO has released its first results after a mere 59 days of operation. And so far, they are very promising, physicists say. “The physics result is already world-leading…

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Cosmic paradox reveals the awful consequence of an observer-free universe

Cosmic paradox reveals the awful consequence of an observer-free universe

Matt von Hippel writes: Tinkering at their desks with the mathematics of quantum space and time, physicists have discovered a puzzling conundrum. The arcane rules of quantum theory and gravity let them imagine many different kinds of universes in precise detail, enabling powerful thought experiments that in recent years have addressed long-standing mysteries swirling around black holes. But when a group of researchers examined a universe intriguingly like our own in 2019, they found a paradox: The theoretical universe seemed…

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Genes harness physics to help grow living things

Genes harness physics to help grow living things

Anna Demming writes: Sip a glass of wine, and you will notice liquid continuously weeping down the wetted side of the glass. In 1855, James Thomson, brother of Lord Kelvin, explained in the Philosophical Magazine that these wine “tears” or “legs” result from the difference in surface tension between alcohol and water. “This fact affords an explanation of several very curious motions,” Thomson wrote. Little did he realize that the same effect, later named the Marangoni effect, might also shape…

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The universe began with the Big Bang and is predicted to end with a Big Crunch

The universe began with the Big Bang and is predicted to end with a Big Crunch

Science Alert reports: If recent discoveries that dark energy is evolving hold any water, our Universe will collapse under its own gravity on a finite timeline, new calculations suggest. Based on several recent dark energy results, a new model finds that the Universe has a lifespan of just 33.3 billion years. Since we are now 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, this suggests that we have a smidge less than 20 billion years left. For another 11 billion years,…

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Reality isn’t made up of objects

Reality isn’t made up of objects

Dennis Dieks writes: The world we perceive every day is full of things, objects, which we can distinguish from one another, follow in time, and often grasp and manipulate. This experiential fact so imposes itself on us that it is hard to imagine a world without objects. How could we reach out and make contact with the external world if there were no things to touch and see? It is no wonder, then, that from the very beginning of natural…

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Nearly half of the universe’s ordinary matter was uncharted, until now

Nearly half of the universe’s ordinary matter was uncharted, until now

Science News reports: Nearly half of the universe’s ordinary matter has been hiding — until now. Bursts of radio waves have illuminated the whereabouts of all ordinary matter, revealing its distribution between, around and within galaxies, researchers report June 16 in Nature Astronomy. And X-rays have uncovered details about a once hidden string of gas linking four galaxy clusters, another team reports in the June Astronomy and Astrophysics. “The two papers are very complementary,” says astrophysicist Jason Hessels of McGill…

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Why the empty-atom picture misunderstands quantum theory

Why the empty-atom picture misunderstands quantum theory

Mario Barbatti writes: The camera zooms in on the person’s arm to reveal the cells, then a cell nucleus. A DNA strand grows on the screen. The camera focuses on a single atom within the strand, dives into a frenetic cloud of rocketing particles, crosses it, and leaves us in oppressive darkness. An initially imperceptible tiny dot grows smoothly, revealing the atomic nucleus. The narrator lectures that the nucleus of an atom is tens of thousands of times smaller than…

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How the universe differs from its mirror image

How the universe differs from its mirror image

Zack Savitsky writes: After her adventures in Wonderland, the fictional Alice stepped through the mirror above her fireplace in Lewis Carroll’s 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass to discover how the reflected realm differed from her own. She found that the books were all written in reverse, and the people were “living backwards,” navigating a world where effects preceded their causes. When objects appear different in the mirror, scientists call them chiral. Hands, for instance, are chiral. Imagine Alice trying to…

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How migrating birds use quantum mechanics to navigate

How migrating birds use quantum mechanics to navigate

The Observer reports: To the seasoned ear, the trilling of chiffchaffs and wheatears is as sure a sign of spring as the first defiant crocuses. By March, these birds have started to return from their winter breaks, navigating their way home to breeding grounds thousands of kilometres away – some species returning to home territory with centimetre precision. Although the idea of migration often conjures up striking visions of vast flocks of geese and murmurations of starlings, “the majority,” says…

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Quantum physicists find evidence of ‘negative time’

Quantum physicists find evidence of ‘negative time’

AFP reports: Scientists have long known that light can sometimes appear to exit a material before entering it – an effect dismissed as an illusion caused by how waves are distorted by matter. Now, researchers at the University of Toronto, through innovative quantum experiments, say they have demonstrated that “negative time” isn’t just a theoretical idea – it exists in a tangible, physical sense, deserving closer scrutiny. The findings, yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, have attracted both…

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What is entropy? A measure of just how little we really know

What is entropy? A measure of just how little we really know

Zack Savitsky writes: Life is an anthology of destruction. Everything you build eventually breaks. Everyone you love will die. Any sense of order or stability inevitably crumbles. The entire universe follows a dismal trek toward a dull state of ultimate turmoil. To keep track of this cosmic decay, physicists employ a concept called entropy. Entropy is a measure of disorderliness, and the declaration that entropy is always on the rise — known as the second law of thermodynamics — is…

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Scientists reveal the shape of a single photon for the first time

Scientists reveal the shape of a single photon for the first time

SciTechDaily reports: A groundbreaking quantum theory has allowed researchers to define the exact shape of a single photon for the first time. Scientists at the University of Birmingham, whose work is featured in Physical Review Letters, have delved into the intricate behavior of photons — individual particles of light. Their research reveals how photons are emitted by atoms or molecules and how their shape is influenced by the surrounding environment. This complex interaction gives rise to infinite possibilities for light…

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