Browsed by
Category: Anthropology

How culture works with evolution to produce human cognition

How culture works with evolution to produce human cognition

Comments 0 Comment

Cecilia Heyes writes: The conventional view, inside and outside academia, is that children are ‘wired’ to imitate. We are ‘Homo imitans’, animals born with a burning desire to copy the actions of others. Imitation is ‘in our genes’. Birds build nests, cats miaow, pigs are greedy, while humans possess an instinct to imitate. The idea that humans have cognitive instincts is a cornerstone of evolutionary psychology, pioneered by Leda Cosmides, John Tooby and Steven Pinker in the 1990s. ‘[O]ur modern…

Read More Read More

Non-modern humans were more complex — and artistic — than we thought

Non-modern humans were more complex — and artistic — than we thought

Comments 0 Comment

Marc Kissel writes: Not surprisingly, claims of symbolic artifacts made by non-modern humans have been met with intense scrutiny. Part of this is due to the fragmentary nature of the early archaeological record, but there is also a deeply held assumption that only Homo sapiens could produce such artifacts. Rather than fetishizing the ability to make symbols, we should instead concentrate on how our ancestors found novel and innovate ways to create and share meaning. My colleague, Agustín Fuentes, and…

Read More Read More

New species of ancient human discovered in the Philippines

New species of ancient human discovered in the Philippines

Comments 0 Comment

  Science magazine reports: A strange new species may have joined the human family. Human fossils found in a cave on Luzon, the largest island in the Philippines, include tiny molars suggesting their owners were small; curved finger and toe bones hint that they climbed trees. Homo luzonensis, as the species has been christened, lived some 50,000 to 80,000 years ago, when the world hosted multiple archaic humans, including Neanderthals and Denisovans, and when H. sapiens may have been making…

Read More Read More

Pro-social religions didn’t kick-start complex social systems

Pro-social religions didn’t kick-start complex social systems

Comments 0 Comment

Scientific American reports: About 12,000 years ago human societies went big; tribes and villages grew into vast cities, kingdoms and empires within just a few millennia. For such large and complex societies to take root, people needed to maintain social cohesion and cooperation, even among complete strangers. What enabled this, many researchers have argued, was religion. Such a religion, the idea goes, would work particularly well if it established standards of morality and behavior—and enforced them with the threat of…

Read More Read More

The rise of farming altered our bite and changed how people talk

The rise of farming altered our bite and changed how people talk

Comments 0 Comment

Science News reports: Humankind’s gift of gab is not set in stone, and farming could help to explain why. Over the last 6,000 years or so, farming societies increasingly have substituted processed dairy and grain products for tougher-to-chew game meat and wild plants common in hunter-gatherer diets. Switching to those diets of softer, processed foods altered people’s jaw structure over time, rendering certain sounds like “f” and “v” easier to utter, and changing languages worldwide, scientists contend. People who regularly…

Read More Read More

Neanderthals were people no less evolved than us

Neanderthals were people no less evolved than us

Comments 0 Comment

Rebecca Wragg Sykes writes: Who were the Neanderthals? Even for archaeologists working at the trowel’s edge of contemporary science, it can be hard to see Neanderthals as anything more than intriguing abstractions, mixed up with the likes of mammoths, woolly rhinos and sabre-toothed cats. But they were certainly here: squinting against sunrises, sucking lungfuls of air, leaving footprints behind in the mud, sand and snow. Crouching to dig in a cave or rock-shelter, I’ve often wondered what it would be…

Read More Read More

Frans de Waal embraces animal emotions in ‘Mama’s Last Hug’

Frans de Waal embraces animal emotions in ‘Mama’s Last Hug’

Comments 0 Comment

Sy Montgomery writes: The two old friends hadn’t seen each other lately. Now one of them was on her deathbed, crippled with arthritis, refusing food and drink, dying of old age. Her friend had come to say goodbye. At first she didn’t seem to notice him. But when she realized he was there, her reaction was unmistakable: Her face broke into an ecstatic grin. She cried out in delight. She reached for her visitor’s head and stroked his hair. As…

Read More Read More

Is a more generous society possible?

Is a more generous society possible?

Comments 0 Comment

By Leah Shaffer In January 2016, Cathryn Townsend set out to live among “the loveless people.” So named by anthropologist Colin Turnbull, the Ik are a tribe of some 11,600 hunter-gatherers and subsistence farmers living in an arid and harsh mountainous region of Uganda. Turnbull studied the Ik in the 1960s and famously characterized them as “inhospitable and generally mean” in his book The Mountain People. He documented how young children were abandoned to starve and how people would snatch…

Read More Read More

Our large brains evolved thanks to an ancient ‘arms race’ for resources and mates

Our large brains evolved thanks to an ancient ‘arms race’ for resources and mates

Comments 0 Comment

JuliusKielaitis / shutterstock By Mark Maslin, UCL Human society rewards individuals who can handle complex social interactions and control large groups of people. Extreme examples of this power are comedians who can fill stadiums entertaining 70,000 people, or politicians who, through their rhetoric and charm, convince millions of us to vote for them so they can run our lives. Intelligence, humour, and charisma are used to co-opt a greater share of resources for themselves and their family. In fact, many…

Read More Read More

The species that laughs

The species that laughs

Comments 0 Comment

Chris Knight writes: The central question that anthropologists ask can be stated simply: ‘What does it mean to be human?’ In search of answers, we learn from people around the world – from city-dwellers to those who live by hunting and gathering. Some of us study fossil hominins such as Homo erectus or the Neanderthals; others look at related species, such as apes and monkeys. Something that sets us apart from these ancestors and primate relatives, and should be of…

Read More Read More

How we discovered that Europeans used cattle 8,000 years ago

How we discovered that Europeans used cattle 8,000 years ago

Comments 0 Comment

By Jane Gaastra, Haskel Greenfield & Marc Vander Linden The use of animals for their renewable products greatly increased human capabilities in prehistory. Secondary products – or anything that can be gleaned from a domestic animal repeatedly over its lifetime – expanded the capabilities of ancient human societies. They helped to provide enough food and labour surplus to make possible the first ancient civilisations. Apart from their meat, bones and skin, animals gave ancient people vital goods such as their…

Read More Read More

Could ‘ideophones’ unlock the secrets of humans’ first utterances?

Could ‘ideophones’ unlock the secrets of humans’ first utterances?

Comments 0 Comment

David Robson writes: If you don’t speak Japanese but would like, momentarily, to feel like a linguistic genius, take a look at the following words. Try to guess their meaning from the two available options: 1. nurunuru (a) dry or (b) slimy? 2. pikapika (a) bright or (b) dark? 3. wakuwaku (a) excited or (b) bored? 4. iraira (a) happy or (b) angry? 5. guzuguzu (a) moving quickly or (b) moving slowly? 6. kurukuru (a) spinning around or (b) moving…

Read More Read More

A leading anthropologist suggests that protohumans became domesticated by killing off violent males

A leading anthropologist suggests that protohumans became domesticated by killing off violent males

Comments 0 Comment

Melvin Konner writes: When I was studying for my doctorate, in the late 1960s, we budding anthropologists read a book called Ideas on Human Evolution, a collection of then-recent papers in the field. With typical graduate-student arrogance, I pronounced it “too many ideas chasing too little data.” Half a century and thousands of fossil finds later, we have a far more complete—and also more puzzling—view of the human past. The ever-growing fossil record fills in one missing link in the…

Read More Read More

Cave that housed multiple human species challenges view of cultural evolution

Cave that housed multiple human species challenges view of cultural evolution

Comments 0 Comment

Scientific American reports: Deep in the Altai mountains of southern Siberia sits a very choice piece of real estate. It’s nothing so newfangled as a ski lodge or one of the traditional wood houses that dot the local countryside. Rather it’s a primeval limestone cave, called Denisova, that overlooks a rushing river and the surrounding forest. Multiple human species, or hominins, have sought shelter in this cave over the past 300,000 years, such is its allure. Artifacts, bits of bone…

Read More Read More

Dogs may have helped ancient Middle Easterners hunt small game

Dogs may have helped ancient Middle Easterners hunt small game

Comments 0 Comment

Science News reports: Dogs that lived alongside Middle Eastern villagers roughly 11,500 years ago may have helped to transform how those humans hunted, researchers say. Fragmentary canine bones unearthed at Shubayqa 6, an ancient site in northeastern Jordan, date to a time when remains of hares and other small prey at the outpost sharply increased, say zooarchaeologist Lisa Yeomans of the University of Copenhagen and her colleagues. Many animal bones from Shubayqa 6 also display damage caused by having been…

Read More Read More

Global WEIRDing is a trend we can’t ignore

Global WEIRDing is a trend we can’t ignore

Comments 0 Comment

By Kensy Cooperrider For centuries, Inuit hunters navigated the Arctic by consulting wind, snow and sky. Now they use GPS. Speakers of the aboriginal language Gurindji, in northern Australia, used to command 28 variants of each cardinal direction. Children there now use the four basic terms, and they don’t use them very well. In the arid heights of the Andes, the Aymara developed an unusual way of understanding time, imagining the past as in front of them, and the future…

Read More Read More